Cross-sectional behaviour of wire arc additively manufactured tubular beams

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising metal 3D printing technique in the construction industry for its ability to produce large and complex-shaped elements, with reasonable accuracy, time costs. There currently, however, lack of fundamental test data on structural performance WAAM elements. To address this, an experimental study into cross-sectional behaviour tubular beams has been conducted presented herein. A total 14 stainless steel square, rectangular irregular hollow sections, spanning over all cross-section classes EN 1993-1-4 AISC 370, were tested four-point bending. laser scanning, silicone casting Archimedes’ measurements employed collectively determine as-built geometry local geometric imperfections specimens, while digital image correlation (DIC) was used monitor deformation responses specimens during testing. The full moment–curvature histories key results are discussed. Similar that equivalent, conventionally manufactured sections observed, more slender cross-sections showing increased susceptibility buckling. However, owing inherent variability WAAM, printed exhibited variable flexural capacities between repeat than generally displayed by produced sections. Finally, assess applicability current design provisions European (EN 1993-1-4) American (AISC 370) specifications, as well continuous strength method (CSM), beams.